Arthritis

Arthritis is a broad term covering conditions that cause joint inflammation, resulting in pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. The most common types are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment usually involves a combination of medications (such
as NSAIDs or DMARDs), physical therapy, lifestyle modifications, and in severe cases, surgery.

Asthma

Asthma is a chronic lung disorder characterized by inflamed airways, leading to difficulty breathing. Symptoms include wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. Treatment involves avoiding triggers, using inhalers containing corticosteroids and bronchodilators, and managing flare-ups with rescue inhalers or oral steroids.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease, causing high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms with pain relievers, maintaining hydration, and monitoring for severe dengue, which requires immediate medical attention.

Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the body’s ability to process blood sugar. Type 1 diabetes involves inadequate insulin production, and Type 2 involves insulin resistance. Symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Treatment involves monitoring and managing blood sugar levels, healthy eating, regular exercise, and possibly insulin therapy or other medications.

Hypertension

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a long-term condition where the force of blood against artery walls is consistently too high. It often has no symptoms but can lead to serious complications like heart disease or stroke if untreated. Treatment typically involves lifestyle changes and medications like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or beta- lockers.

Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Symptoms and treatments vary widely depending on the disease. Common strategies include antibiotics for bacterial infections, antivirals for viral infections, antifungal medications for fungal infections, and antiparasitic drugs for parasitic infections.

Jaundice

Jaundice is a condition causing yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high bilirubin levels. It’s often a sign of an underlying condition like liver disease, gallstones, or hemolytic anemia. Treatment targets the underlying cause.

Malaria

Malaria is a life-threatening disease transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Symptoms include high fever, shaking chills, and flu-like illness. Antimalarial drugs are used for treatment and prevention.

Respiratory Diseases

Respiratory diseases affect the airways and other structures of the lung. Common examples include asthma, COPD, and pneumonia. Symptoms often include shortness of breath, persistent cough, and chest discomfort. Treatments range from medication and breathing exercises to surgery and supplemental oxygen.

Thyroid Disease

Thyroid diseases, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, affect the thyroid gland’s ability to produce hormones, impacting metabolism. Symptoms can includefatigue, weight gain or loss, depression, and heart palpitations. Treatment involves medication to restore hormone balance.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs. Symptoms include a persistent cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. It’s treated with a long course of antibiotics, usually for six to nine months.

Typhoid/Enteric Fever

Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi. Symptoms include high fever, stomach pain, weakness, and loss of appetite. It’s treated with antibiotics, and vaccines are available for prevention.

Viral Fever

Viral fevers are a broad group of fevers that result from a viral infection, such as the flu or dengue fever. Symptoms often include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, and respiratory symptoms. Treatment usually involves rest, hydration, and over-the- counter remedies for symptom relief.